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See also. Discovery of the Elements, 7th edition. The nuclear reaction can be written as: 25 12Mg + 4 2He 1 1H + A ZX 12 25 Mg + 2 4 He 1 1 H + Z A X. where A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number of the new nuclide, X. Problem: Calculate Zeff for a valence electron in an oxygen atom.Effective nuclear charge, Zeff, is defined asZeff = Z Swhere ZZ is true nuclear charge and SS is the amount of shielding. Oxygen atom has six valence electrons, so it is in 16 group of Periodic table of This repulsion counteracts the attraction caused by the positive nuclear charge Coulombs Law: 2 1 2 r q q F q 1 q 2 r Although the 2p electrons on an oxygen atom experience a greater effective nuclear charge than those on a nitrogen atom, two of oxygens 2p electrons are paired in a single orbital, Pages 4 This preview shows page 1 - 3 out of 4 pages. The deviations between Oxygen and Carbon Bragg curves are different than protons versus Helium as they are both heavy ions and have a closer atomic mass number and charge. Ungraded . Range-energy relations for He/sup 4/, B/sup 10/ B/sup 11/ C/sup 12/ N/ sup 14/, O/sup 16/, F/sup 19/, and Ne/sup 20/ ions in oxygen and nickel were measured in the energy range 2 to 10 Mev per amu. The nuclear charge is shielded by the negative charge of the core electrons (yellow sphere). (E) Nitrogen atoms have a smaller nuclear charge and coulombic attraction than oxygen atoms. The nuclear reaction can be written as: 25 12 Mg + 4 2 He 1 1 H + A Z X 12 25 Mg + 2 4 He 1 1 H + Z A X. where A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number of the new nuclide, X. Thus there is a decrease in the effect of nuclear charge. The effective nuclear charge on an electron is given by the following equation: Z eff = Z S In contrast, the effective nuclear charge is the attractive positive charge of nuclear protons acting on valence electrons, which is always less than the total number of protons present in a nucleus due to the shielding effect. The effective charge is: Z eff = Z - S, where Z is the number of protons and S is the number of core electrons. Explanation: D Nitrogen only has two shells of electrons while phosphorus has three, making nitrogen smaller and more able to attract additional electrons, meaning a higher electronegativity. Neutron Number and Mass Number of Oxygen. A nucleon number is the sum of protons and neutrons in an atom. Count the nuclear charge of oxygen What is the actual nuclear charge of oxygen? Recall that the effective nuclear charge is the force exerted by the nucleus onto an electron and is given by: where Z = nuclear charge or atomic number and S = shielding constant. Therefore, by using Slaters rule shielding constant and effective nuclear charge for 3s-electron of sodium atom, = (2 1) + (8 0.85) + (0 0.35) = 8.8. Neutral oxygen has 8 protons (straight from the periodic table) and therefore 8 electrons to balance out the positive charge. Uploaded By sj1141. Surprisingly here we see that the value of 870.7648 eV given by the Bohr model is smaller than the experimental value of 871.41 eV, because after the ionizations the nuclear charge becomes much greater than the charge of the one electron. Abundance in carbonaceous meteorites (by weight) 3. Consequently, the ion with the greatest nuclear charge (Al 3+) is the smallest, and the ion with the smallest nuclear charge (N 3) is the largest. Effective Nuclear Charge: Due to screening effect, the valency electron experiences less attraction towards nucleus. Periodic Trends and Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff) Relating Zeff with atomic radius: Atomic radii is indirectly related to Zeff. Follow the "Link to definition of property" or "Link to data for property" of the element oxygen. Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8 which means there are 8 protons and 8 electrons in the atomic structure. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z.The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs. THE CHARGE DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE OXYGEN AND CALCIUM ISOTOPES B.A. In peroxides (O 2 2-), such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), the oxidation number of oxygen In 1930, John C. Slater devised the following set of empirical rules to estimate SS for a designated ns or np electron:i. (pick one) An atom of carbon. Our oxygen page has over 280 facts that span 108 different quantities. Tags: Topics: Question 11 . Because the sum of the mass numbers of the reactants must equal the sum of the mass numbers of the products: 25 + 4 = Compound properties. This is due to the increase of +32 units in nuclear charge of Fr which makes the effective nuclear charge comparatively high. Because the sum of the mass numbers of the reactants must equal the sum of the mass numbers of the products: 25 + 4 =A + 1, or A = 28 25 + 4 = A + 1, or A = 28. If you look up oxygen on the Periodic Table you will see that its atomic number is 8. That is the number of protons in the nucleus. That is the nuc Effective Nuclear Charge: An atom's valence electrons are attracted by the positively charged nucleus. The size is determined by the s electrons. This reduces the nuclear charge(Z) actually present on the nucleus. Under this condition I suggest that the quantum number n = 1 becomes n < 1. Range-energy relations for He 4, B 10, B 11, C 12, N 14, O 16, F 19 and Ne 20 ions in oxygen and nickel have been measured in the energy range 2 to 10 MeV per amu (atomic mass unit). Together with similar relations for heavy ions in nuclear emulsions, reported in an earlier paper, these have been differentiated numerically to obtain specific energy loss relations. Transcribed Image Textfrom this Question. the hydrogen atoms of the water molecule have a slight POSITIVE charge while the oxygen atom has a slight negative charge. Hydrogen Bonds. form between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of different water molecules. one is negative and one is positive. hydrogen bond ex. Abstract. Rutherfords model of an atom is also called as a planetary model of an atom. 6/26/2021 Chapter 12 14/22 Express your answer as an integer. The nuclear reaction can be written as: 1225Mg+24He 11H+ZAX1225Mg+24He 11H+ZAX. First ionization energy for nitrogen (14.5) is greater than oxygen (13.6). The attraction produced by the additional protons in the nucleus are, more or less, offset by electron screening. So, the sodium ion has an ionic charge (due to loss of one valence electron). The ratio D C /D O rises steadily from the entrance channel up to a 6% increase at the Bragg peak position. The formula for calculating the effective nuclear charge for a single electron is: Zeff= Z S. Zeff is the effective nuclear charge. (D) Electrons in the p subshell of oxygen atoms provide more shielding than those in nitrogen atoms. Charge; 1: hydrogen: 1+ 2: helium: 0: 3: lithium: 1+ 4: beryllium: 2+ 5: boron: 3-, 3+ 6: carbon: 4+ 7: nitrogen: 3-8: oxygen: 2-9: fluorine: 1-10: neon: 0: 11: sodium: 1+ 12: magnesium: 2+ 13: aluminum: 3+ 14: silicon: 4+, 4-15: phosphorus: 5+, 3+, 3-16: sulfur: 2-, 2+, 4+, 6+ 17: chlorine: 1-18: argon: 0: 19: potassium: 1+ 20: calcium: 2+ 21: scandium: 3+ 22: titanium: 4+, 3+ 23: vanadium: 2+, 3+, Link to oxygen data for property. (pick one) v. fullscreen. S requires the use of Slaters Rules to determine the value. We know that oxygen has 2 core electrons, and 8 protons, therefore, its effective charge is 6 (8 - 2). Slater's rules allow you to estimate the effective nuclear charge \(Z_{eff}\) from the real number of protons in the nucleus and the effective shielding of electrons in each orbital "shell" (e.g., to compare the effective nuclear charge and shielding 3d and 4s in transition metals). For example, some carbon atoms (carbon-12) have 6 neutrons in its nucleus. The formula for calculating the effective nuclear charge for a single electron is: Zeff *=* Z S. Z eff is the effective nuclear charge, or Z effective. School Our Lady Of Mercy High School; Course Title SCIENCE 0831; Type. Test Prep. oxygen. (C)Nitrogen has a larger atomic radius. Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education, 1968. What is the nuclear charge of an oxygen atom 1 0 3 8. The effective nuclear charge (often symbolized as Z eff or Z*) is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. The nucleus of an atom contains positively charged particles called protons. Electrons are attracted to the nucleus as they are negatively charged. However, negatively charged electrons around the nucleus are organized into layers called orbitals which repel each other, and negate some of the positive charge of the nucleus. The Zeff is the charge on the nucleus minus the inner electrons which shield the valence electrons. Effective Nuclear Charge Formula. A neutral oxygen atom ( O ) differs from an ion of oxygen ( 02- ) in that the atom has 1) More protons 2) More electrons Compared to Be- (B) Oxygen experience more electron-electron repulsions. So, in order to attain stability an oxygen atom needs to gain 2 electrons. Abundances of the elements. Effective nuclear charge, Z eff, experienced by an electron is less than the actual nuclear charge, Z Electrons in the outermost shell are repelled (shielded) by electrons in the inner shells. [pick one) An atom of nitrogen. in the Oxygen nucleus there is 8 positive protons and number of neutral (have no charge) neutrons depends on the isotope .so we can say that the n | (pick one) An atom of boron. Oxygen has a proton (atomic) number of 8, so the nucleus, being full of proton charge +1s and neutron charge 0s, will have a charge of +8. 0.0 . Nuclear charge is the electric charge of a nucleus of an atom, equal to the number of protons in the nucleus times the elementary charge. 3 2 1 5 2 3 8. This table has links to all the properties of oxygen included within WebElements. There is little change in radii across a d-block period. One member of this isoelectronic series is not listed in Table 7.3 "Radius of Ions with the Neon Closed-Shell Electron Configuration" : the neon atom. It signifies the atoms mass since electrons are basically weightless. As we move across a row in the periodic table, atomic radii __ because the effective nuclear charge- the net or average charge experienced by the atoms outermost electrons-___. Abundances of the elements. Link to definition of property. The increasing effective nuclear charge and electrostatic attraction is why going across a periodic table means decreasing atomic size. ANSWER: Hint 2. An atom has a nuclear charge of 50 and 46 electrons- The net ionic charge of this atom is 2) -46 An atom contains has a nuclear charge of +7, 10 electrons, and 8 neutrons. Its the number of protons it has, multiplied by a charge. The total positive charge of the nucleus is equal to the total negative charge on orbiting electrons. Problem: Calculate the shielding or screening constant for the 2p-electron of carbon and oxygen atom. Oxygen has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. In fact, adding one more proton to get us Fluorine instead of oxygen really changes a lot, and the effective nuclear charge gets smaller even though it is balanced with 9 protons and 9 nuetrons, see its not a 1:1 scale from oxygen to fluorine. The nuclear charge is important because the more protons an atom has, the more pull it will have on negative electrons. "Screening Percentages Based on Slater Effective Nuclear Charge as a Versatile Tool for Teaching Periodic Trends." Similarly the I.E. The nuclear reaction can be written as: 25 12Mg + 4 2He 1 1H + A ZX 12 25 Mg + 2 4 He 1 1 H + Z A X. where A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number of the new nuclide, X. Z eff of valence e increases from the left to the right of the periodic table Z eff of valence e increases slightly as we go down a column more diffuse core electron cloud is less able to screen the valence e form the nuclear charge atom An atom of oxygen. oxygen. Hence ionization energy in case of magnesium is higher as compared to sodium. carbohydrate Other carbon atoms (carbon-14) have 8 neutrons instead. The energy of an outer electron decreases with increasing nuclear charge Z. The atomic number of chromium is 24. This table has links to all the properties of oxygen included within WebElements. Link to phosphorus data for That means there are 8 positively charged protons in the nucleus of an oxygen atom. The term effective is used because the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge. Nuclear Charge: Element: Electronic Configuration: Effective Nuclear Charge: Valence Electrons: Core Electrons: 11+ Na: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1: 1+ 1: 10: 11+ Na + 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6: 9+ 8: 2: 8+ O: 1s 2 2s 2 2p4 +6: 6: 2: 8+ O 2-1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 +6: 8: 2: 9+ F: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5: 7+ 7: 2: 9+ F-1s 2 2s 2 2p 6: 7+ 8: 2 HODGSON Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Oxford, UK Received 17 May 1979 A new method of calculating the charge distributions of isotopic sequences is described and applied to the oxygen and calcium isotopes. The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N.Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A.The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the Rank the effective nuclear charge Z experienced by a valence electron in each of these atoms: atom z* experienced by a valence electron. Were being asked to calculate the effective nuclear charge (Z eff) of the valence electron in oxygen (O) atom. Step 1: Determine the atomic number. Rank the effective nuclear charge Z experienced by a valence electron in each of these atoms: z* experienced by a valence electron. Oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Link to oxygen data for property. 1. a. Therefore, Z eff = (11 8.8) = 2.2. Effective nuclear charge of fluorine is 5.10 and effective nuclear charge of oxygen atom is 4.45. Zeff of nitrogen = Zeff of carbon + (1 nuclear charge) shielding due to one 2P electron Zeff of nitrogen = Zeff of carbon + 1 0.35 = Zeff of carbon + 0.65 and Zeff of oxygen = Zeff of nitrogen + 0.65 The effective nuclear charge will go up by the same amount from carbon to nitrogen and then to oxygen. doi:10.1021/ ed078p635. Range-energy relations for He 4, B 10, B 11, C 12, N 14, O 16, F 19 and Ne 20 ions in oxygen and nickel have been measured in the energy range 2 to 10 MeV per amu (atomic mass unit). Effective nuclear charge is the nuclear charge experienced by the outer shell electrons. The 1st ionisation energy of oxygen is less than that of fluorine because the outer electrons experience a smaller effective nuclear charge. On the periodic table, first ionization energy generally increases as you move left to right across a period. Electron configuration of oxygen atom: O 1s 2s 2p. Element reactions. For example, a carbon atom has nuclear charge. 24. For this problem, we need to do the following steps: S = n 1 i Si. Solution. Because the sum of the mass numbers of the reactants must equal the sum of the mass numbers of the products: 25+4=A+1,or A=2825+4=A+1,or A=28. Each entry has a full citation identifying its source. Express your answer as an integer. (D)Electrons in the p subshell of oxygen atoms provide more shielding than those in nitrogen atoms. The chemical symbol for Oxygen is O. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Oxygen are 16; 17; 18. What is the nuclear charge of an oxygen atom 1 0 3 8 2 2 4 16 5 Which statement. In this case, we are going to calculate the effective nuclear charge of an atom of oxygen: Therefore, in this case even if the nucleus has 8 protons, the outer electrons (2s and 2p electrons) feel only six protons; the effect of the other 2 protons are neutralized by the inner electrons (1s). . Now, like all elements, oxygen would very much like to have 8 electrons in its outer shell so that it can look like a noble gas and reach a stable configuration. Rafa Muoa Lizardi Institutua Zarautz 7 (C) Nitrogen has a larger atomic radius. These electrons are arranged in shells of 2 and 6. Periodic Trends and Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff) Examples: Which element has the larger Zeff value? The electric charge of the oxygen nucleus is the number of protons it has multiplied by the fundamental charge (in the units you want to use). You Because the sum of the mass numbers of the reactants must equal the sum of the mass numbers of the products: 25 + 4 =A + 1, or A = 28 25 + 4 = A + 1, or A = 28. Areas covered include atomic structure, physical properties, atomic interaction, thermodynamics, identification, atomic size, crystal structure, history, abundances, and nomenclature. Oxygen Ion. The two gained electrons (purple dots) means that this oxygen ion has 10 electrons (-10 charge) and only 8 protons (+8 charge), giving the ion a net charge of -2. Symbolically, we can represent this oxygen ion as O -2. pick one) ? Nuclear charge is the charge present inside a nucleus, due to the protons. Will the effective nuclear charge of oxygen increase, decrease or remain the same when an electron is added to its valence shell? SURVEY . An atom of fluorine. Based on the nuclear shell model, protons should pair with anti-parallel protons to create singlet spin states, Recall that the effective nuclear charge is the forces exerted by the nucleus onto an electron and is given by: where Z = nuclear charge or atomic number and S = shielding constant. Oxygen is a nonmetal. Z is the atomic number. The equation for calculating nuclear charge is Zeff = Z - S, where Zeff is the effective nuclear charge, Z is the number of protons, and S is the number of inner electrons. The isotope that has a charge or number of protons equal to 8 and mass number of 17 is Oxygen-17, which can be denoted as: {eq}\boxed{\mathbf{ ^{17}_8O}} {/eq} Completing the equation, we get, Oxygen is in group 6 of the periodic table, so it requires 6 valence electrons to balance out the nuclear charge. Step 2: Determine the electron configuration and group them by n-values. Oxygen atom has atomic number 8, it means it has eight protons and eight electrons, so atom has neutral charge. This reduced nuclear charge is called effective nuclear charge is denoted by Z eff . The nuclear reaction can be written as: 12 25 Mg + 2 4 He 1 1 H + Z A X. (B)Oxygen experience more electron-electron repulsions. Electrons that are shielded from the full charge of the nucleus experience an effective nuclear charge ( Zeff) of the nucleus, which is some degree less than the full nuclear charge an electron would | (pick one) . Oxygen is a colourless, odourless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of Link to definition of property. Nitrogen and oxygen both have two shells, but oxygen has more protons and an effective nuclear charge of +6 vs. nitrogen's effective nuclear charge of +5. S is the average amount of electron density between the nucleus and the electron. S is the average amount of electron density between the nucleus and the electron. (pick one) An atom of neon. 1.E.5 I Nuclear Physics A219 (1974) 29-38; North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam Not to be reproduced by photoprint or microfilm without written permission from the publisher NUCLEAR CHARGE RADII FROM X-RAY TRANSITIONS IN MUONIC ATOMS OF CARBON, NITROGEN AND OXYGEN T. DUBLER, L. SCHELLENBERG and H. SCHNEUWLY Institut de Physique, Universitde Fribourg, 1700 Oxygen, the first member of the family has maximum electronegativity in its group (3.5) and it shows a decreasing trend on moving down the group due to increase in atomic size as a valence shell electrons decrease. Because the sum of the mass numbers of the reactants must equal the sum of the mass numbers of the products: Check the periodic table: The element with nuclear charge = 14 N + 13 N + n 16 O + 15 O + n. The nitrogen-13 decays with a half-life of ten minutes to carbon-13, emitting a positron.The positron quickly annihilates with an electron, producing two gamma rays of about 511 keV. The results of the calculation are compared with existing experimental data. Hence atom is electrically neutral. Link to definition of property. Atomic orbitals; Core charge; d 12 25 Mg + 2 4 He 1 1 H + Z A X. where A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number of the new nuclide, X. The effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. And this value is lower than the actual nuclear charge. Thus, only a portion of the nuclear charge can be felt through the core electrons as shown by the fact that the red color is greatly reduced by the yellow sphere. Solution. Weeks, Mary Elvira, and Henry M. Leicester. MASSEN and P.E. Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8 which means there are 8 protons in its nucleus. There are various scales, of which the Pauling Scale was the earliest, and is still widely used. (E)Nitrogen atoms have a smaller nuclear charge and coulombic attraction than oxygen atoms. v (pick one) 1 (highest) An atom of boron. This is because of the stable configuration of nitrogen (half-filled 2p orbitals).Due to screening effect the valency electron experiences less attraction towards the nucleus. (pick one) An atom of boron. As Zeff increases, atomic radii decreases 14. The valence electrons feel this +6 charge (hence why there are 6 valence electrons). Q. Answer: Oxygen has a 1s22s22p4 electron configuration and nitrogen has a 1s22s22p3 electron configuration. The difference between the theoretical and experimental energies of the terms is 0.11%. Effective Nuclear Charge: Due to the screening effect, there is a decrease in the force of attraction on the electron in the valence shell towards the nucleus. (pick one) An atom of oxygen. 2016-17 CHEM 1070B Effective Nuclear Charge (3) Z eff of 1 s e = the atomic no. Its nuclear charge is +9. Solution The nuclear reaction can be written as: where A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number of the new nuclide, X. It can be explained as follows. | (pick one) v An atom of oxygen. Solution. Element reactions. Rank the effective nuclear charge Z* experienced by a valence electron in each of these atoms: atom z* experienced by a valence electron. Effective Nuclear Charge: Due to screening effect, the valency electron experiences less attraction towards nucleus. Journal of Chemical Education, volume 78, number 5, 2001, pp. 120 seconds . Calculate the effective nuclear charge experienced by an outermost electron of strontium. The effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. (vii) Ionisation energy- The elements of group 16 have quite high values of ionisation energy because of their small atomic size. This reduces the nuclear charge(Z) actually present on the nucleus. Step 3: determine whether valence electrons balance the nuclear charge out. Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom in a chemical bond to polarize electron density towards itself. 635639. Well, basically because oxygen has a larger nuclear charge than carbon: i.e. Oxygen is assigned an oxidation number of -2 in most compounds. An atom of fluorine. where Si is the shielding of the i th electron. Report an issue . Because the sum of the mass numbers of the reactants must equal the sum of the mass numbers of the products: 25 + 4 = A + 1, or A = 28 25 + 4 = A + 1, or A = 28. Protons and Neutrons in Oxygen. vi) On moving from second to third transition series in a group [except Y(39) - La (57)] electronegativity increases due to the increase of +18 units in nuclear charge. However, there are certain exceptions. This table has links to all the properties of phosphorus included within WebElements. of fluorine is more than that of oxygen. Correct Answer: D Explanation: D Nitrogen only has two shells of electrons while phosphorus has three, making nitrogen smaller and more able to attract additional electrons, meaning a higher electronegativity. Thus, oxygen has a higher electronegativity. Follow the "Link to definition of property" or "Link to data for property" of the element oxygen. Unfortunately its not that simple, and these don't balance correctly. where A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number of the new nuclide, X. Z_"oxygen">Z_"carbon", where Z is the atomic number. Zeff of nitrogen = Zeff of carbon + (1 nuclear charge) shielding due to one 2P electron Zeff of nitrogen = Zeff of carbon + 1 0.35 = Zeff of carbon + 0.65 and Zeff of oxygen = Zeff of nitrogen + 0.65 The effective nuclear charge will go up by the same amount from carbon to nitrogen and then to oxygen. This brings decrease in the nuclear charge (Z) actually present on the nucleus. 3 4 (lowest) An atom of neon. Z is the number of protons in the nucleus, the atomic number. F (Z = 9; 1s2 2s2 2px2 2py2 2pz1) is having more nuclear charge than oxygen (Z = 8; 1s2 2s2 2px2 2py1 2pz1). a) Li or K b) C or O c) C or P d) C or Se e) Li or Br 13. BROWN, S.E. Abundance in carbonaceous meteorites (by weight) Nitrogen and oxygen both have two shells, but oxygen has more protons and an effective nuclear charge of +6 vs. nitrogen's effective nuclear charge of +5. Effective Nuclear Charge - The only part of the nuclear charge that valence electrons actually get.. Z eff = # of protons - # of inner core electrons. By applying perturbation theory to the reciprocal of the nuclear charge (1/Z), the spectra of a series of oxygen-like ions (having configurations of the 1s22s22pn, 1s22s2pn+1, 1s22pn+2, n =4 type) are calculated. Justify.

Nitrogen atoms have a smaller nuclear charge than oxygen atoms.

answer explanation . Together with similar relations for heavy ions in nuclear emulsions, reported in an earlier paper, these have been differentiated numerically to obtain specific energy loss relations.

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